Sources
1 Volpe, Poule & Bland. Journal of Athletic Training, 2009. Urine specific gravity vs. ACSM and NATA criteria (n=263).
2 USDA NHANES 2015–2016 (avg. intake 97g/day, adult men). Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025–2030 (1.2–1.6 g/kg recommendation). Gap calculated at 180 lb.


